Treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important cause of hospital acquired infection particularly among severely debilitated and immunosuppressed patients. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrugresistant global opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, which possesses a huge number of virulence factors and antibiotics resistance characteristics. Risk factors associated with stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Whilst relatively distant phylogenetically, the closest sequenced relatives of s. When screened for eps biosynthesis, all five strains produced colonies on. A novel bacterial isolate stenotrophomonas maltophilia as.
Drug sensitivity test paper combining sulfamethoxazole, sxt. An emerging global opportunistic pathogen mahendra kumar trivedi 1 shrikant patil 1 harish shettigar 1 mayank gangwar 2 and snehasis jana 2 1 trivedi global inc. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia colonizationinfection in patients with cancer has significantly. Differentiation of these bacteria as bacteremic agents is critical in the clinical setting and to define a therapeutic strategy.
Our patient had several risk factors as described above. Meningitis due to stenotrophomonas maltophilia after a. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental bacterium increasingly involved in nosocomial infections and resistant to most antibiotics. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative, multidrugresistant organism that is typically hospitalacquired and associated with high morbidity and mortality 1, 2. Resistant to most antimicrobial classes develops resistance quickly during infection trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole sxt is drug of choice consider minocycline, ticarcillinclavulanate if sxtresistant. S maltophilia is an organism of low virulence and frequently colonizes fluids used in the hospital setting eg, irrigation. Antimicrobial surveillance program isolates indicated that the newer. Steno superbug genome shows extreme drug resistance. Xanthomonas maltophilia peritonitis in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Putative virulence characteristics of stenotrophomonas. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and burkholderia cepacia are gramnegative bacteria that acquire motility via multitrichous polar flagella.
During 1991 to 1998 at least one stenotrophomonas maltophilia pulmonary infection was observed in 25 24% of 104 cystic fibrosis cf patients at the same unit of our hospital in spain. As mentioned earlier, stenotrophomonas maltophilia is very difficult to treat due to its natural resistance to many antibiotics. Of the 6 cases of stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia seen in the paediatric oncology patients from year 2000 to 2004 at our hospital, only 1 case developed metastatic skin lesions. Nontraditional therapy for stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Jun 30, 2015 stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental bacterium found in the soil, associated with plants and animals, and in aquatic environments. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important nosocomial bacterial pathogen, as is pseudomonas aeruginosa. Suggest treatment for stenotrophomonas maltophilia pseudomonas md stenotrophomonas maltophilia pseudomonas i had a urine culture came back postive for thisim a self cath patient and my urologist sending me to a infectios disease doctor but the nurse dint get me. However, treatment of sm bacteremia is challenging due to the resistance of sm to. The organism has been isolated from both clinical and soil environments in addition to the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients and the immunocompromised.
New strategies against stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Furthermore, it can acquire resistance through the uptake of resistance. If you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader. Treatment of patients with stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections categorized by presence or absence of mechanical ventilation. Patients with prolonged neutropenia, exposure to broadspectrum antibiotics, and those requiring mechanical ventilation have higher risk of infection. Risk factors for mortality in patients with stenotrophomonas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of potential virulence determinants in five septicemic clinical isolates of s. Characterization of gold nanoparticles synthesized by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial pathogen that 21 causes fatal infections in critically ill or immunocompromised patients. It is also an opportunistic pathogen now causing an increasing number of nosocomial infections. An investigation of stenotrophomonas maltophiliapositive culture. A gnps synthesised by stenotrophomonas maltophilia tube a. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia initially classified as pseudomonas maltophilia, later xenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, gramnegative bacillus.
The treatment of choice for stenotrophomonas maltophilia is trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole sxt. B tem image recorded from a dropcoated film of disrupted cell suspension. Control experiments, without the addition of biomass as well as with heatkilled cells. Medical charts of patients with smb were retrospectively. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important pathogen that induces nosocomial infections.
Burns, in principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases fourth edition, 2012. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia meningitis article pdf available in pan arab journal of neurosurgery 92. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia prosthetic valve endocarditis. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection symptoms, treatments. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia colonizationinfection in patients with cancer has significantly increased over the past 2 decades. The complete genome, comparative and functional analysis. Medical devices with pvc are prepared by combining pvc with components. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, gramnegative bacterium. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important evolving pathogen, especially in patients with cystic fibrosis cf, but its mechanism of pathogenesis is poorly understood. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nonfermentative gramnegative bacillus that has been isolated from multiple environmental sources apsiarnthanarak et al.
Apr 17, 2008 stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen of the xanthomonadaceae. It also occurs in the hospital environment and may cause bloodstream. In a number of cases, the prescription of prolong antibiotic therapy. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an emerging ubiquitous. Skin manifestation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia joe flashcards quizlet. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia can cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients. It is important to recognize and efficiently treat infections with this bacterium as soon as possible. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen in recent years worldwide. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections of intact skin. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen of the xanthomonadaceae. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia is an aerobic gramnegative bacillus that is found in various aquatic environments.
It is an obligate aerobe, and is capable of growth between 5o and 40oc. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an emerging ubiquitous. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infectious disease and. Nosocomial stenotrophomonas maltophilia are intrinsically resistant to a plethora of antimicrobial agents that severely limit commonly used empiric standard antimicrobial therapies. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental global. Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tmpsmx is recommended as the treatment of choice for s.
Jul 08, 2011 colonies of stenotrophomonas maltophilia on macconkey agar, incubation period 3 days at 3035c dr. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia has emerged as a causative agent of serious nosocomial infections. Due to highly antibioticresistant characteristics and being an important pathogen of nosocomial infection, s. Successful treatment of multiresistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia meningitis with ciprofloxacin in a preterm infant. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important nosocomial pathogen. Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tmp sxt is recommended as the agent of choice for the treatment of s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia jkms journal of korean medical. Antibiotics are used only when removal of prosthesis isnt possible. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that has also. Antimicrobial susceptibility of stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia definition of stenotrophomonas. There is a need to establish guidelines for the susceptibility testing of s. Resistant to most antimicrobial classes develops resistance quickly during infection trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole sxt is. Initially classified as bacterium bookeri, then renamed pseudomonas maltophilia, s. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia is a multidrugresistant gramnegative bacillus that is an opportunistic pathogen, particularly among hospitalized patients. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative bacterium found in a variety of environments including soil, water, and plants. The bacterium is an obligate aerobe that is common throughout the environment, particularly in water. Multidrug resistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia authorstream. Can levofloxacin be a useful alternative to trimethoprim. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistant to trimethoprim. We present the results of our investigation, some simple methods for identification and maintenance of these microorganisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility.
Ribotyping and pulsefield gel electrophoresis pfge characterization of 76 s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia previously named xanthomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentive, gramnegative bacillus that is wide spread in the environment, it was considered to be an. In about three fourths of the cases, the treatment was successful, while. The time to return to baseline respiratory status was 5 days 010 median range days in the treated group and 4 days 019 p 0. Concomitant nosocomial pathogens were present in 30% of patients 3. Global emergence of trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance. For language access assistance, contact the ncats public information officer. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia an overview sciencedirect. Fluoroquinolones fqs have in vitro activity against s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are a closely related group of nonfermenting gramnegative bacilli nfgnbs found in. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a worldwide human opportunistic pathogen associated with serious. However, welldocumented cases of urinary tract infection with this organism have rarely been reported. Behind pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumannii, s. Chronic stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection and.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental bacterium found in the soil, associated with plants and animals, and in aquatic environments. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, formerly known as pseudomonas or xanthomonas maltophilia, is an aerobic, glucose nonfermentative, gramnegative bacillus 14 that is frequently isolated from water, soil, animals, plant materials and hospital equipment. Oct 25, 2018 belvisi v, fabietti p, del borgo c, marocco r, di vincenzo e, soscia f, et al. Stenotrophomonas bacteremia antibiotic susceptibility and. Belvisi v, fabietti p, del borgo c, marocco r, di vincenzo e, soscia f, et al. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in pediatric patients. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from patients. Genetic and rare diseases information center gard po box 8126, gaithersburg, md 208988126 tollfree. Due to its inherent extended antibiotic resistance, therapeutic options are strongly limited. The complete genome, comparative and functional analysis of. An increasing incidence of stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates has been reported in some cf centers during the last decade 14. The recent publication of the genome sequence of the bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia was accompanied by a press statement that described this organism as a newly emerging superbug. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a commensal and an emerging pathogen.
Dec 31, 2014 stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important opportunistic, mainly nosocomial pathogen that emerged in the last decades worldwide. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is emerging as one of the most frequently found bacteria in cystic fibrosis cf patients. Steno, short for stenotrophomonas maltophilia, thrives in moist environments, such as around taps and shower heads, and can be transmitted to people. Therapeutic options for stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia differential diagnoses. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia johns hopkins abx guide. Infection and colonization by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Factors that predispose these patients to nosocomial infections include very low birth weight, small size for gestational age, immunologic immaturity, and exposure to invasive procedures, including insertion of intravascular catheters and assisted ventilation. An evaluation of biofield treatment on susceptibility pattern of multidrug resistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Patients with chronic illnesses are more susceptible to this type of infection.
We present a case of stenotrophomonas maltophilia prosthetic valve endocarditis secondary to an indwelling catheter infection. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in pediatric. Frontiers antibiotic resistance in the opportunistic. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a topic covered in the johns hopkins abx guide to view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription official website of the johns hopkins antibiotic abx, hiv, diabetes, and psychiatry guides, powered by unbound medicine. This bacterium is found in several environments such as water, soil, plants, food and hospital settings 1, 2. Treatment of invasive infections caused by this organism is difficult as the bacterium is frequently resistant to a wide range of commonly used antimicrobials. It is increasingly recognised as a significant cause of hospital acquired infection particularly among. Pdf antimicrobial treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia an opportunistic ocular bacterial pathogen producing keratitis, keratopathy, and conjunctivitis. May 23, 2008 stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental bacterium increasingly involved in nosocomial infections and resistant to most antibiotics. Review of the medical records of patients admitted to a large cancer center with cultures yielding s maltophilia from urinary sources during a 15month period. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia formerly named pseudomonas maltophilia or xanthomonas maltophilia is a nonfermentative gramnegative bacillus, which is isolated from debilitated or immunocompromised patients.
It is an uncommon bacterium and human infection is difficult to treat. The aim of our study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance of s. Successful treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial pathogen, mainly in immunocompromised patients, and is associated with high mortality 1, 4. Falagas me, kastoris ac, vouloumanou ek, dimopoulos g. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia produces proteolytic enzymes and other pathogenic extracellular enzymes such as dnase, rnase, elastase, lipase, hyaluronidase, mucinase and hemolysin, which may contribute to the severity of s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia urinary tract infections in. However, because of concern regarding adverse events related to tmpsmx, levofloxacin has also been used for treating these infections. Communityacquired stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections.
Persistence and variability of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Special pathogens laboratory, the legionella experts. Atenafu b, juliana giraldo salazar c, annie lu a, yvonne yau d, larissa matukas e, elizabeth tullis f, felix ratjen c a divisionofinfectiousdiseases,departmentofpediatrics,thehospitalforsickchildren,universityoftoronto,555universityavenue. It is an obligate aerobe, and is capable of growth between 5o and 40oc 18. In the present study, phenotypic and genotypic traits of a set of 98 isolates of s.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia urinary tract infection is usually associated with a severe clinical course. Skin manifestation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection genetic and rare. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia urinary tract. It is a freeliving organism present in most aquatic and humid environments. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of fqs and sxt for the treatment of s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia an overview sciencedirect topics. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a commensal and an emerging pathogen. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that has also emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality of immunocompromised patients, particularly in the icu setting. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a motile nonfermentative, gram negative bacillus that is readily isolated from environmental sources and water. It is responsible for roughly 1,000 cases of steno blood poisoning in the u.